Sandp 500 composition

52 Wk High 4,868.03 The information below reflects the ETF components for S&P 500 SPDR (SPY). Percentage of S&P 500 Stocks Above Moving Average Summary …2 days agoMay 4, 2022 · The S&P 500 is a stock market index that tracks the stocks of 500 large-cap U.S. companies. It represents the stock market's performance by reporting the risks and returns of the biggest companies. Investors use it as the benchmark of the overall market, to which all other investments are compared. S&P stands for Standard and Poor, the names of ... Download S&P 500 Index stock data: historical SPX stock prices from MarketWatch.Find the latest information on S&P 500 (^GSPC) including data, charts, related news and more from Yahoo Finance.The question asks about changes in components, i.e., additions or deletions. This is reconstitution, not rebalancing, which merely changes the number of shares of existing components in the index. The S&P 500 is derived from their Total Market Index, which is reconstructed once a year. Rebalancing does occur quarterly, as stated.The question asks about changes in components, i.e., additions or deletions. This is reconstitution, not rebalancing, which merely changes the number of shares of existing components in the index. The S&P 500 is derived from their Total Market Index, which is reconstructed once a year. Rebalancing does occur quarterly, as stated.It involves the transfer of securities (such as shares or bonds) from a Lender (in this case, the iShares fund) to a third-party (the Borrower). The Borrower will give the Lender collateral (the Borrower’s pledge) in the form of shares, bonds …UNH, CVS: 2 “Strong Buy” Healthcare Stocks Hedge Funds Are Buying January 19, 2024TipRanks. Get S&P 500 Index (.SPX:INDEX) real-time stock quotes, news, price and financial information from CNBC.S&P 500 Companies (Updated List 2023) The S&P 500 Index is the largest Stock Market Index, containing 503 of the top companies in the world with a market worth of approximately $34.34 trillion. This index helps investors in determining the market direction and impacts the growth of the US economy. The index is calculated based on the free …Jan 21, 2024 · Calendar Year S&P 500 Index Returns 1928-2022: Chart; The (Mis)uses of the S&P 500, Univ of Chicago; The Ten Largest Companies in the S&P 500 from 1980 to 2020: Chart; The Best Performing S&P 500 Stocks Over The Past 5,10,15 and 20 Years: Chart; Contribution of Price Appreciation and Dividends to the S&P 500 Total Return by Decade Product summary. As the industry’s first index fund for individual investors, the 500 Index Fund is a low-cost way to gain diversified exposure to the U.S. equity market. The fund offers exposure to 500 of the largest U.S. companies, which span many different industries and account for about three-fourths of the U.S. stock market’s value.GO IN-DEPTH ON S&P 500. Snapshot. Live Quote. Analysts Opinions. Market Movers. S&P 500 Today: Get all information on the S&P 500 Index including historical chart, news and constituents.The S&P 500 Companies. The companies listed on the S&P 500 index are the largest most successful companies in the USA. The Index is managed by the Standard & Poors rating agency. A company only becomes a constituent of the S&P 500 when when its market capitalization (total outstanding shares X share price) is ranked in the top 500 …A Rise In Selective Defaults Presents A Slippery Slope. Since 2008, S&P Global Ratings has detected a sharp increase in the percentage of selective defaults (the majority of these distressed exchanges). In 2008, just 26% of our total default population were classified as selective defaults, compared with more than 66% in 2022.Apr 28, 2023 · Product summary. As the industry’s first index fund for individual investors, the 500 Index Fund is a low-cost way to gain diversified exposure to the U.S. equity market. The fund offers exposure to 500 of the largest U.S. companies, which span many different industries and account for about three-fourths of the U.S. stock market’s value. (November 2023) A linear chart of the S&P 500 daily closing values from January 3, 1950, to February 19, 2016 A logarithmic chart of the S&P 500 index daily closing values from January 3, 1950, to February 19, 2016 A daily volume chart of the S&P 500 index from January 3, 1950, to February 19, 2016 Jan 19, 2024 · SPTM. The S&P Composite 1500® combines three leading indices, the S&P 500®, the S&P MidCap 400®, and the S&P SmallCap 600®, to cover approximately 90% of U.S. market capitalization. It is designed for investors seeking to replicate the performance of the U.S. equity market or benchmark against a representative universe of tradable stocks. Wall Street legend Burt Malkiel says to ignore experts' S&P 500 forecasts and recession predictions. The Wealthfront CIO touted index funds, trashed bitcoin, and warned speculators in an interview ...Economic Research: U.S. Business Cycle Barometer: Recession Risk Moderates, But Growth Is Limited By Potential SLIDES: Private Credit And Middle-Market CLO Quarterly: Shelter From The Storm (Q1 2024) Servicer Evaluation: Mr. Cooper Master Servicing CreditWeek: Key Takeaways From Davos--What Are The Risks And Opportunities For …Oct 13, 2023 · Getting the S&P500 Historical Constituents. Multiple paid and free data providers provide the S&P500 constituents list. Finding the components of other indices can be more complex and generally requires a paid source. I show the best free and paid resources that I’ve found for S&P500 constituents below. I added Analyzing Alpha’s files ... Oct 13, 2023 · Getting the S&P500 Historical Constituents. Multiple paid and free data providers provide the S&P500 constituents list. Finding the components of other indices can be more complex and generally requires a paid source. I show the best free and paid resources that I’ve found for S&P500 constituents below. I added Analyzing Alpha’s files ... Data Details. S&P 500 YTD return as of the most recent market close. Includes the total return as well as the price only return. The 2024 price return is calculated using the price change from the latest market close to the last trading day of 2023. Return calculated as of the market close on 2024-01-25.The S&P 500 and the Nasdaq Composite fell on Friday and posted their second straight weekly losses, as hotter-than-expected U.S. producer prices data pushed Treasury yields higher and sank rate ...S&P 500 S&P MidCap 400 S&P SmallCap 600 S&P Composite 1500 S&P Total Market Index S&P Completion Index Select Sectors Select Industries Capped Sectors North American Sectors Other As of Jan 25, 2024. Export ... S&P 500 Info Tech Product Name: 1nvest S&P500 Info Tech Feeder ETF. Product Type: ETF. Country/Region: South Africa.500. The Index is constituted at the company level, not at the share line level. If one company listing is in the S&P 500, all other company listings are excluded from the S&P Completion Index. S&P 500 Top 10. The index measures the performance of 10 of the largest, by FMC, companies in the S&P 500. S&P 500 Top 50. Jan 20, 2024 · GO IN-DEPTH ON S&P 500. Snapshot. Live Quote. Analysts Opinions. Market Movers. S&P 500 Today: Get all information on the S&P 500 Index including historical chart, news and constituents. Mar 30, 2022 · In recent years, certain sectors and industries have performed better than others, and that is now reflected in the makeup of the S&P 500. It also means that many sectors won't be as represented in the index. The breakdown of sectors in the S&P 500 is as follows: Information technology: 28.1%. Health care: 13.3%. Consumer discretionary: 11.8%. S&P 500 Total Return Index (%) 26.29 -18.11 : 28.71 : 18.40 : 31.49 -4.38 : 21.83 : Lipper Category Average (%) 21.27 -18.00 : 23.82 : 42.82 : 29.31 -5.64 ... Subject to change daily. Fund information, Portfolio Composition and Characteristics are provided for informational purposes only, and should not be deemed as a recommendation to buy or ...Jan 19, 2024 · TalkingPoints: Assessing the Impact of 20 Years of SPIVA. We measure value stocks using three factors: the ratios of book value, earnings, and sales to price. S&P Style Indices divide the complete market capitalization of each parent index into growth and value segments. Constituents are drawn from the S&P 500®. Bloomberg Ticker : SPX. The S&P 500® is widely regarded as the best single gauge of large-cap U.S. equities. The index includes 500 leading companies and covers …Daily S&P 500 index performance 2023. The S&P 500 index dropped significantly between January 3 and September 9, 2022. As of January 3, the index stood at 4,796.56 points, and it dropped ...VOO and IVV boast the lowest management fee at 0.03%, about one-third of the SPY ETF. While the difference between a 0.03%, and 0.0945% expense ratio may seem trivial, such fees can really add up ...The US SPX 500 is the most known of the many indices owned by Standard and Poor's. It is a market value weighted index made up of the prices of 500 large stocks traded in the US market.Exploring Dividend Opportunities in Australia. The All Ordinaries is designed to measure the 500 largest companies in the Australian equities market, drawn from eligible companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Liquidity is not considered as criteria for inclusion.The S&P 500 is a stock market index maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices. It comprises 503 common stocks which are issued by 500 large-cap companies traded on American stock exchanges (including the 30 companies that compose the Dow Jones Industrial Average). The index includes about 80 percent of the American equity market by capitalization. Stock market: History shows record highs aren't a bad time to buy. As the S&P keeps hitting new highs, Wall Street strategists point out that doesn't make it a bad time to enter the market ...The top 25 companies in the S&P 500 are some of the most well-known companies in the world, a large portion of the top 10 being tech companies, such as Apple, Microsoft, and Google. To invest in ...The SPY, or SPDR S&P 500 Trust ETF, is a popular exchange-traded fund that tracks the performance of the S&P 500 index. The average 12-month price target stood at $462.34, with a high forecast of $555.69 and a low forecast of $373.17. These S&P 500 predictions suggested an anticipated change of 12.09% from the most recent closing …S&P 500 Earnings Yield. S&P 500 Price to Sales Ratio. Inflation Adjusted S&P 500. S&P 500 Earnings. S&P 500 PE Ratio chart, historic, and current data. Current S&P 500 PE Ratio is 26.26, a change of +0.31 from previous market close.According to a study by McKinsey, the average lifespan of a company on the S&P 500 was 61 years in 1958. As of 2021, it was 16 years. The study also states that by 2027, 75% of the companies ...Premium Statistic S&P 500 composite index Earnings Price Ratio 2000-2018 Premium Statistic NYSE Composite Index yearly high values 2000-2018Sep 22, 2023 · S&P 500 Companies (Updated List 2023) The S&P 500 Index is the largest Stock Market Index, containing 503 of the top companies in the world with a market worth of approximately $34.34 trillion. This index helps investors in determining the market direction and impacts the growth of the US economy. The index is calculated based on the free-float ... The average 10-year return of Nasdaq 100 over these 15 years was around 9%, while that of S&P 500 was about 5%. You could have earned a maximum 10-year CAGR return of 21% by investing in Nasdaq 100, while in the case of S&P 500, you could have earned a maximum return of 14% in the past 15 years. 10-year CAGR You Could …In recent years, certain sectors and industries have performed better than others, and that is now reflected in the makeup of the S&P 500. It also means that many sectors won't be as represented in the index. The breakdown of sectors in the S&P 500 is as follows: Information technology: 28.1%. Health care: 13.3%. Consumer discretionary: 11.8%.Map Filter. S&P 500. S&P 500 Map. Use mouse wheel to zoom in and out. Drag zoomed map to pan it. Double‑click a ticker to display detailed information in a new window. …S&P/TSX Composite Index 1960–2012. The S&P/TSX Composite Index is the benchmark Canadian index representing roughly 70% of the total market capitalization on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). Having replaced the TSE 300 Composite Index on May 1, 2002, as of September 20, 2021 the S&P/TSX Composite Index comprises 237 of the 3,451 …As of July 7, 2023, the dividend yield for the S&P 500 is 1.56%. The record high for dividend yields was in 1932 at 13.84%. The dividend yield for the S&P 500 is calculated by finding the weighted ...The most notable case is Fidelity ZERO Large Cap Index FNILX. Although the fund invests in “stocks of the largest 500 U.S. companies,” it is not in fact an S&P 500 clone. Thus, while the index ...Exhibit 5: S&P 500 Revenue Contribution. Part 3 – Net Profit Margin Expectations . Net profit margins peaked in 2021 Q2 (12.9%) and then declined for six consecutive quarters to 10.7%. The Q2 blended net profit margin (combining estimates and actuals) is 11.1%, a slight tick-up from 11.0% at the start of earnings season (Exhibit 6).While it assumed its present size (and name) in 1957, the S&P dates back to the 1920s, becoming a composite index tracking 90 stocks in 1926. The average annualized return since its inception in ...The S&P 500 Index, or Standard & Poor's 500 Index, is a market-capitalization-weighted index of 500 leading publicly traded companies in the U.S. The index actually has 503 components because...The S&P 500 index tracks the prices of the 500 largest U.S. public companies, representing 80% of the market capitalization of the entire U.S. stock market. Mutual funds that aim to duplicate the ...Mar 30, 2022 · In recent years, certain sectors and industries have performed better than others, and that is now reflected in the makeup of the S&P 500. It also means that many sectors won't be as represented in the index. The breakdown of sectors in the S&P 500 is as follows: Information technology: 28.1%. Health care: 13.3%. Consumer discretionary: 11.8%. About the benchmark. •. The S&P 500 Growth Index represents the growth companies of the. S&P 500 Index, a widely recognized benchmark of U.S. stock market. performance that is dominated by the stocks of large U.S. companies. •. Tracks the growth companies of the S&P 500 Index as identified by.The core S&P 500 ETFs listed above—SPY, IVV, VOO and SPLG—represent the four largest funds in the category as measured by net assets and daily trading volume. We also focused on funds that ...Heatmap Composition Dérivés S&P 500 - Composition de l'ETF iShares Core S&P 500 ETF - USD Bourse Indices S&P 500 - Etats-Unis Composition S&P 500 Retrouvez la …This study investigates the price reaction of global economic indicators due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and the Russia–Ukraine conflict, particularly Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil, wheat, maize, Standard and Poor's (SandP) 500 index, Nasdaq stock composite index, and Dow Jones index. The results during these …View Top Holdings and Key Holding Information for SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY). Apple, Microsoft, and Amazon are among the top stocks in the S&P 500 by index weight. By. Nathan Reiff. Published September 01, 2023. CFOTO / Future Publishing via Getty Images. Launched in 1957 ...Jan 12, 2024 · S&P 500 INDEXindex chart, prices and performance, plus recent news and analysis. S&P Dow Jones Indices Reports U.S. Indicated Dividend Payments Increased $18.0 Billion in Q4 2021and a Record $69.8 Billion in 2021. Commentary - Jan 3, 2024.ing-family ownership and board independence (as stand-alone. ical research and as shown in table 2, we find a positive and. significant relation between founding-family ownership and. firm ...S&P 500 Index | historical charts for SPX to see performance over time with comparisons to other stock exchanges. The S&P 500 index, or Standard & Poor’s 500, is a very important index that tracks the performance of the stocks of 500 large-cap companies in the U.S. The ticker symbol for the S&P 500 index is ^GSPC. The series of letters represents the performance of the 500 stocks listed on the S&P.May 4, 2022 · The S&P 500 is a stock market index that tracks the stocks of 500 large-cap U.S. companies. It represents the stock market's performance by reporting the risks and returns of the biggest companies. Investors use it as the benchmark of the overall market, to which all other investments are compared. S&P stands for Standard and Poor, the names of ... Sep 25, 2019 · Over the past 60 years or so, the S&P 500’s composition has changed dramatically. In 2007, the index’s 50th anniversary, S&P published a list of the 86 companies that remained from the ... Product Details. Invesco S&P 500 ® Equal Weight ETF (RSP) is based on the S&P 500 ® Equal Weight Index (Index). The Fund will invest at least 90% of its total assets in securities that comprise the Index. The Index equally weights the stocks in the S&P 500 ® Index. This approach results in an exposure that tilts toward smaller companies in ... Basic Info. S&P 500 Dividend Yield is at 1.47%, compared to 1.62% last month and 1.74% last year. This is lower than the long term average of 1.84%. The S&P 500 Dividend Yield, as calculated by the S&P 500 Dividends Per share TTM divided by the S&P 500 close price for the month, reflects the dividend-only return on the S&P 500 index.Find the latest performance data chart, historical data and news for S&P 500 (SPX) at Nasdaq.com.The question asks about changes in components, i.e., additions or deletions. This is reconstitution, not rebalancing, which merely changes the number of shares of existing components in the index. The S&P 500 is derived from their Total Market Index, which is reconstructed once a year. Rebalancing does occur quarterly, as stated.Jan 19, 2024 · Composition S&P 500. Retrouvez la liste des actions composants Indice S&P 500 (SP500) sur USA en temps réel. Triez par pondérations et variations 1 jour, ou une semaine. Jan 16, 2024 · Day Low. 617.84. Day High. 622.29. 52 Wk Low. 506.21. 52 Wk High. 632.23. The information below reflects the ETF components for S&P 500 Financials Sector SPDR (XLF). While both the DJIA and S&P 500 are used by investors to determine the general trend of the U.S. stock market, the S&P 500 is more encompassing, as it is based on a larger sample of total U.S ...This has had a negative effect on the stock market, as the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite Index lost 19% and 33%, ... The S&P 500 has climbed about 4% (as of March 7), while the Nasdaq is up about ...The S&P 500® Financials comprises those companies included in the S&P 500 that are classified as members of the GICS® financials sector. ... S&P Dow Jones Indices Announces Update to S&P Composite 1500 Market Cap Guidelines . Index News Jan 2, 2024; 5:15 PM; Pure Storage Set to Join S&P MidCap 400; Patterson Companies …Oct 10, 2019 · The question asks about changes in components, i.e., additions or deletions. This is reconstitution, not rebalancing, which merely changes the number of shares of existing components in the index. The S&P 500 is derived from their Total Market Index, which is reconstructed once a year. Rebalancing does occur quarterly, as stated. Jan 18, 2024 · ESG. Invesco S&P 500 ESG ETF Acc. ETF. United Kingdom. SPXE. The S&P 500 ESG Index is a broad-based, market-cap-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500. Feb 15, 2023 · The Russell 1000 had an average market cap of $416.33 billion and a median market cap of $13.2 billion as of Jan. 31, 2023. The Russell 1000's mid-cap composition is represented by the median ... Michael Burry's bet against the S&P 500 could prove to be painful, Kevin O'Leary warned. That's because the index is diversified and shorting stocks is highly risky. Burry made around $100 million ...Choose from our range of SIPP, ISA and Dealing accounts. Find out more. Open. £70.87. Previous close. £70.7675. Trade high. £71.2525. Year low.The S&P 500 is a stock market index maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices. It comprises 503 common stocks which are issued by 500 large-cap companies traded on American …The S&P 500 is a stock market index maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices. It comprises 503 common stocks which are issued by 500 large-cap companies traded on American stock exchanges (including the 30 companies that compose the Dow Jones Industrial Average). The index includes about 80 percent of the American equity market by capitalization. Bloomberg Ticker : SPX. The S&P 500® is widely regarded as the best single gauge of large-cap U.S. equities. The index includes 500 leading companies and covers …The S&P 500 Index, or Standard & Poor's 500 Index, is a market-capitalization-weighted index of 500 leading publicly traded companies in the U.S. The index actually has 503 components because...Jan 19, 2024S&P 500 Companies (Updated List 2023) The S&P 500 Index is the largest Stock Market Index, containing 503 of the top companies in the world with a market worth of approximately $34.34 trillion. This index helps investors in determining the market direction and impacts the growth of the US economy. The index is calculated based on the free …As of July 7, 2023, the dividend yield for the S&P 500 is 1.56%. The record high for dividend yields was in 1932 at 13.84%. The dividend yield for the S&P 500 is calculated by finding the weighted ...The S&P 500 started trading in 1957. During its first decade, the value of the index rose to slightly over 100, reflecting the economic boom that followed World War II. From 1969 to early 1981 ...The SPY, or SPDR S&P 500 Trust ETF, is a popular exchange-traded fund that tracks the performance of the S&P 500 index. The average 12-month price target stood at $462.34, with a high forecast of $555.69 and a low forecast of $373.17. These S&P 500 predictions suggested an anticipated change of 12.09% from the most recent closing …Map Filter. S&P 500. S&P 500 Map. Use mouse wheel to zoom in and out. Drag zoomed map to pan it. Double‑click a ticker to display detailed information in a new window. Hover mouse cursor over a ticker to see its main competitors in a stacked view with a 3-month history graph. -3%. -2%.ing-family ownership and board independence (as stand-alone. ical research and as shown in table 2, we find a positive and. significant relation between founding-family ownership and. firm ...6 days ago · The SPDR ® S&P 500 ® ETF Trust seeks to provide investment results that, before expenses, correspond generally to the price and yield performance of the S&P 500 ® Index (the “Index”) The S&P 500 Index is a diversified large cap U.S. index that holds companies across all eleven GICS sectors. Launched in January 1993, SPY was the very ... Weighting. As Miser explains, the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite are weighted toward market cap, meaning the weight of each company’s presence in the index matches its market cap (the total value ...Interactive chart of the S&P 500 stock market index over the last 10 years. Values shown are daily closing prices. The most recent value is updated on an hourly basis during regular trading hours. The current price of the S&P 500 as of January 23, 2024 is 4,864.60.The tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite finished down more than 2%, while the S&P 500 was down a more modest 0.4%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average was an outlier, up 0.7% on the …5 days ago · View the full S&P 500 Index (SPX) index overview including the latest stock market news, data and trading information. Jan 19, 2024 · Composition S&P 500. Retrouvez la liste des actions composants Indice S&P 500 (SP500) sur USA en temps réel. Triez par pondérations et variations 1 jour, ou une semaine. TalkingPoints: Assessing the Impact of 20 Years of SPIVA. We measure value stocks using three factors: the ratios of book value, earnings, and sales to price. S&P Style Indices divide the complete market capitalization of each parent index into growth and value segments. Constituents are drawn from the S&P 500®.Stocks: Real-time U.S. stock quotes reflect trades reported through Nasdaq only; comprehensive quotes and volume reflect trading in all markets and are delayed at least 15 minutes. International ...Heatmap Composition Dérivés S&P 500 - Composition de l'ETF iShares Core S&P 500 ETF - USD Bourse Indices S&P 500 - Etats-Unis Composition S&P 500 Retrouvez la …The S&P 500 ® Index (SPXT) is designed to be comprised of stocks that are the 500 leading, large-cap U.S. listed issuers. The securities are selected on the basis of market capitalization, financial viability of the company, sector representation, public float, liquidity and price of a company’s shares outstanding.2 days agoMap Filter. S&P 500. S&P 500 Map. Use mouse wheel to zoom in and out. Drag zoomed map to pan it. Double‑click a ticker to display detailed information in a new window. …This has had a negative effect on the stock market, as the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite Index lost 19% and 33%, ... The S&P 500 has climbed about 4% (as of March 7), while the Nasdaq is up about ...This is a list of companies having stocks that are included in the S&P SmallCap 600.The S&P 600 is an index of small-cap company stocks created by Standard & Poor's, selected by a committee based on recent profitablity and other factors.The index is weighted by float-adjusted market capitalization (companies with higher share price are relatively weighted …The S&P 500 (Standard and Poor’s 500) is a free-float, capitalization-weighted index of the top 500 publicly listed stocks in the US (top 500 by market cap). Data . The data provided here is a tidied and CSV’d version of that collected and prepared by the Economist Robert Shiller and made available on his website.Data Details. The S&P 500 has a market capitalization of $40.779 trillion dollars. The total market cap is calculated by summing the market capitalization of every company in the index. Each company's calculated market cap is based on the outstanding float share count. The float share count can be less than the total share count outstanding.Why an S&P 500 index fund can be a great investment. 1. It can limit your risk. Because each S&P 500 index fund contains hundreds of different stocks from a wide variety of industries, it offers ...Jan 18, 2024 · 962.71. 52 Wk Low. 805.53. 52 Wk High. 968.51. The information below reflects the ETF components for S&P 500 Industrial Sector SPDR (XLI). Sep 22, 2023 · Standard & Poor's 500 Index - S&P 500: The Standard & Poor's 500 Index ( S&P 500 ) is an index of 505 stocks issued by 500 large companies with market capitalizations of at least $6.1 billion. It ... As of July 7, 2023, the dividend yield for the S&P 500 is 1.56%. The record high for dividend yields was in 1932 at 13.84%. The dividend yield for the S&P 500 is calculated by finding the weighted ...Yes, the S&P 500 is composed of 500 of the largest companies traded on the NYSE, Nasdaq, and CBOE. What Are the 10 Biggest Stocks in the S&P 500? The 10 largest components of the S&P …Apr 13, 2023 · The S&P 500 started trading in 1957. During its first decade, the value of the index rose to slightly over 100, reflecting the economic boom that followed World War II. From 1969 to early 1981 ... | Ccnjzp (article) | Mshlhr.